2020: Wasu muhimman abubuwan da tarihi bai zai manta ba

2020 na daga cikin shekarun da ba za a manta da ita ba a tarihin duniya, la’akari da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka fuskanta a cikinta, a fannonin Lafiya, Diflomasiya, Tsaro, Tattalin Arziki da kuma cigaban Kimiyya.

Taswirar Duniya. WorldAtlas.com

Covid-19/Coronavirus

Tarihi ba zai manta da yadda cutar coronavirus ta hautsina lamurra a duniya ba cikin shekarar 2020, inda a Ranar 11 ga watan Janairu, kasa da makwanni 2 bayan bullarta daga birnin Wuhan a China, cutar ta kashe mutum na farko a kasar.

Zuwa watan Maris ne kuma hukumar lafiya ta duniya ta yi shelar bayyana barkewar cutar a matsayin annoba dake barazana ga duniya, wata guda kuma bayan hakan annobar ta tilastawa hukumomi garkame rabin al’ummar duniya a muhallansu ba tare da zirza-zirga ba, matakin da ya tagayyara tattalin arzikin duniya musamman na kasashe masu tasowa, wadanda dama ke cikin halin kaka ni kayi.

Kawo yanzu kusan mutane miliyan 2 annobar ta halaka a fadin duniya tun bayan bullarta daga China a Disamban shekarar 2019, cutar ta kuma tafka barna a Amurka inda ta halaka sama da mutane dubu 330 a kasar kadai.

Sai dai cikin watan Nuwamba kamfanonin harhada magunguna na Pfizer da BioNTech suka bayyana nasarar samar da alluran rigakafin annobar ta Korona, kuma Birtaniya ce ta zama kasa ta farko da ta soma amincewa da maganin kafin sauran kasashe su biyo baya.

Kasar Iran

Ranar 3 ga watan Janairu 2020 harin makamai masu linzami ya halaka daya daga cikin manyan kwamandojin rundunar sojin kasar Iran Janar Qassim Soleimani a birnin Bagadaza na Iraqi, abinda ya daga hankalin hukumomin kasashen duniya musamman a Turai da gabas ta tsakiya, bisa fargabar barkewar yaki tsakanin kasar ta Iran da Amurka da ta halaka kwamandan.

Daga bisani Iran ta maidawa Amurka martani ta hanyar kaddamar da farmakin makamai masu linzami kan sansanonin sojin Amurka dake Iraqi, a lokacin ne kuma ta yi kuskuren kakkabo wani jirgin saman Ukraine da ya tashi daga Teheran, lamarin da yayi sanadin mutuwar baki dayan fasinjoji 176 dake cikin jirgin.

Brexit

Ranar 31 ga Janairun shekarar 2020 Birtaniya ta zama kasa ta farko da ta fice daga cikin kungiyar tarayyar Turai ta EU, bayan zaben raba gardama kan bukatar ficewar da al’ummar Birtaniyar suka yi a shekarar 2016.

Sai dai bayan shafe watanni 11 ana kwan gaba kwan baya a tattaunawar da wakilan Birtaniya da na kungiyar tarayyar Turai ke yi, daga karshe a ranar Alhamis 24 ga watan Disamba suka kulla yarjejeniyar kasuwancin da za su yi aiki da ita bayan cikar wa’adin rabuwarsu ta dindindin a ranar 31 ga watan na Disamba.

Afghanistan

29 ga watan Fabarairu, ita ce ranar da Amurka da kungiyar Taliban a birnin Doha, suka kulla yarjejeniyar sulhu ta kawo karshen yakin da suka shafe akalla shekaru 17 suna gwabzawa a Afghanistan.

A karkashin yarjejeniyar sojojin Amurka da na sauran kasashen da take jagoranta za su fice daga Afghanistan cikin watan Mayu na sabuwar shekara 2021, zalika zuwa ranar 21 ga watan Janairu na sabuwar shekarar aka tsara Amurka za ta janye sojojinta dubu 2 daga cikin dubu 4 da 500 dake girke a kasar.

An soma tattaunawa kan yadda za a aiwatar da yarjejeniyar sulhun tsakanin Amurka da Taliban a watan Satumban 2020, sai dai hakan bai hana mayakan na Taliban kaddamar da hare-hare kan sojojin Afghanistan ba.

George Floyd

A dai shekarar 2020 hukumomin Amurka suka fuskanci daya daga cikin zanga-zanga mafi muni a tarihin kasar, biyo bayan kashe George Floyd wani bakar fata mai shekaru 46 da wasu ‘yan sanda fararen fata suka yi a ranar 25 ga watan Mayu a birnin Minneapolis, lamarin da ya haifar da bazuwar zanga-zangar adawa da wariyar launi da cin zalin ‘yan sanda a ciki da wajen Amurka.

Hong Kong

A Hong Kong, ranar 27 ga watan Mayu gagarumar zanga-zanga ta barke, bayan da China ta kakabawa yankin wata dokar tsaro da ta haramta sukar gwamnatin kasar ta China, wadda ‘yan adawa suka ce ta tauye kwarya-kwaryar ‘yancin yankin.

Lebanon/Beirut

A Lebanon, ranar 4 ga watan Agustan da ya gabata, wasu tagwayen fashe-fashen sinadaran Ammonium a babbar tashar jiragen ruwan Beirut suka lalata kusan rabin babban birnin kasar, baya ga halaka sama da mutane 200 da kuma jikkata wasu akalla dubu 6 da 500.

Iftila’in dai ya sake jefa kasar Lebanon cikin kaka ni kayi, la’akari da cewar tuni dama tattalin arzikin kasar ya durkushe ga kuma rikicin siyasa a gefe guda.

Masifun Guguwa da Gobarar Daji

A bangaren masifu, cikin watan Satumba gobarar daji ta tafka barna a San Francisco da wasu yankunan yammacin Amurka dake gabar ruwa, yayinda kuma a nahiyar tsakiyar Amurka masifun guguwa har kashi biyu suka halaka sama da mutane 200.

Belarus

Ranar 9 ga watan Agusta nasarar zarcewa karo na biyu da shugaban Belarus mai ci Alexander Lukashenko ya samu ta haifar da zanga-zangar neman tilasta masa yin murabus da ta shafe akalla watanni 4 tana gudana, bisa zarginsa da tafka magudi a zaben shugabancin kasar.

Zangar zangar ta adawa da shugaba Lukashenko ta gudana ne a karkashin jagorancin Svetlana Tikhanovskaya jagorar ‘yan adawa.

Isra’ila

Ranar 15 ga watan Satumba Baharain ta zama kasar Larabawa ta farko da ta fara maida huldar Diflomasiya tsakaninta da Isra’ila, wata guda bayan haka kuma shugaban Amurka Donald Trump ya ce Sudan ma za ta bi sawu, yayinda kuma a ranar 10 ga watan Disamba Morroco ma ta maida huldar ta da Isra’ila a matsayin musayar mara mata baya wajen mallakar yankin Polisario dake yammacin sahara.

Rikicin Amurka da China

Bayan kololuwar da annobar Coronavirus ta kai wajen tafka barna a duniya ne Shugaban Amurka Donald Trump ya sha alwashin ba zai sake yiwa shugaban China Xi Jin Ping magana ba lokacin da dagantaka tayi tsami tsakanin Amurka da China kan barkewar cutar ta coronavirus, annobar da Trump yace Chinar ce ta yada ta da gangan wanda kuma yace ya zama dole ta dauki alhakin miliyoyin rayukan da cutar ta lakume.

Tsamin dangantakar tsakanin Amurka da China ya kuma fadada zuwa kan cin zarafin da ake yiwa Musulmi ‘yan kabilar Uighur a yankin Xinjiang da kuma batun dokar tsaron da Chinan ta kakabawa yankin Hong Kong.

Zaben Amurka

Ba za a taba mantawa da zaben Amurka da ya gudana a watan Nuwamban shekarar 2020 ba, wanda shugaba mai ci Donald Trump ya sha kaye a hannun dan takarar jam’iyyar Democrats Joe Biden.

Alkaluma sun nuna cewar Biden ne shugaban da ya samu kuri’u sama da miliyan 74 a tarihin Amurka, sai dai shugaba mai ci Trump yayi watsi da sakamakon bisa zargin cewa an tafka magudi, sai dai ya gaza gabatar da hujjojinsa.

Nagorno-Karabakh

A karshen watan Yuli yaki ya barke tsakanin Armenia da Azerbaijan kan mallakar yankin Nagorno-Karabakh, wanda aka shafe kwanaki 45 ana fafata shi.

Dubban rayukan fararen hula da na sojoji suka salwanta daga dukkanin bangarorin biyu, kafin Rasha ta shiga tsakanin kulla yarjejeniya sulhu, da a karkashinta Armenia ta mikawa Azerbaijan yankuna da dama.

Habasha

A farkon watan Nuwamban shekarar 2020, rikici ya barke a yankin Tigray, bayanda Fira Ministan Habasha Abiy Ahmad ya baiwa dakarun kasar umarnin afkawa ‘yan tawayen TPLF wadanda ya zarga da yunkurin kifar da gwamnatin kasar.

Yakin na Tigray ya tilastawa sama da mutane dubu 40 tserewa zuwa Sudan yayin da wasu kusan dubu suka rasa rayukansu.